1510
| Years: 1507 1508 1509 - 1510 - 1511 1512 1513 | |
| Decades: 1480s 1490s 1500s - 1510s - 1520s 1530s 1540s | |
| Centuries: 15th century - 16th century - 17th century | |
Events
- Conquest of Pskov by Grand Prince Vasili III of Muscovy.
- Formation of the Holy League to defend the Italian States.
- Peter Henlein builds the first pocketwatch.
Births
- March 30 - Antonio de Cabezón, Spanish composer and organist (died 1566)
- April 2 - Ashikaga Yoshiharu, Japanese shogun (died 1550)
- August 20 - Miguel López de Legaspi, Spanish conquistador (died 1572)
- October 6 - Rowland Taylor, English protestant martyr (died 1555)
- October 25 - Renée of France, daughter of Louis XII of France (died 1574)
- November 6 - John Caius, founder of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge (died 1573)
- Francis Borgia, General of the Jesuits (died 1572)
- Jörg Breu the Younger, painter of Augsburg (died 1547)
- Francis David, founder of the Unitarian Church in Transylvania (died 1579)
- Andrea Gabrieli, Italian composer and organist (died 1586)
- Claude Goudimel, French composer and music theorist (died 1572)
- Matsunaga Hisahide, Japanese warlord (died 1577)
- Aloysius Lilius, Italian inventor of the Gregorian calendar (died 1576)
- Solomon Luria, Ashkenazic scholar of Jewish law (died 1574)
- Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence, last of the "senior" branch of the Medici to rule Florence (died 1537)
- Luis de Morales, Spanish religious painter (died 1586)
- Oda Nobuhide, Japanese warlord and father of Oda Nobunaga (died 1551)
- Bernard de Palissy, French potter and writer
- Ambroise Paré, French surgeon (died 1590)
- Guillaume Postel, linguist (died 1581)
- Lope de Rueda, Spanish dramatist and author
- Lawrence Sheriff, Elizabethan gentleman and grocer to Elizabeth I (died 1567)
- Claudio Veggio, Italian composer
- Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon, French naval officer (died 1571)
Deaths
- February 28 - Juan de la Cosa, Spanish cartographer, conquistador and explorer (born 1460)
- March 1 - Francisco de Almeida, Portuguese soldier and explorer (born 1450)
- March 10 - Johann Geiler von Kaisersberg, German preacher (born 1445)
- May 17 - Sandro Botticelli, Italian painter (born 1445)
- August 17 - Edmund Dudley, minister of Henry VII of England (born 1462)
- December 31 - Bianca Maria Sforza, wife of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (born 1472)
- Agueybana, principal "Cacique" (Chief) of the Tainos
- Ambrogio Calepino, Italian lexicographer (born 1450)
- Catherine Cornaro, Queen of Cyprus from 1474 - 1489
- Richard Empson, minister of Henry VII of England
- Giorgione, Italian painter
- Bohuslav Hasitejnský z Lobkovic, Bohemian writer
- Florian Zamoyski, Polish nobleman
- Sophronius of Bulgaria, monk and saint