Faculty psychology
Faculty psychology is a view of the mind as having separate modules or faculties assigned to various mental tasks. The view is implicit in Franz Joseph Gall's formulation of phrenology, the disreputed practice of measuring personality traits by measuring bumps on one's head.
However, faculty psychology has been revived in by Jerry Fodor's concept of modularity of mind, the supposition that different modules autonomously manage sensory input and other mental functions.