Labiodental approximant
| IPA – text | ʋ |
| IPA – image | Missing image Xsampa-Porvslash.png Image:Xsampa-Porvslash.png |
| entity | ʋ |
| X-SAMPA | P |
| Kirshenbaum | r<lbd> |
| Missing image Loudspeaker.png Sound Sound sample? | |
|---|---|
The labiodental approximant is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ʋ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is P or v\.
| Contents |
Features
Features of the labiodental approximant:
- Its manner of articulation is approximant, which means it is produced by bringing one articulator close to another but without the vocal tract being narrowed to such an extent that a turbulent airstream is produced.
- Its place of articulation is labiodental which means it is articulated with the lower lips and the upper teeth.
- Its phonation type is voiced, which means the vocal cords are vibrating during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.
In English
English may have the labiodental approximant as a realisation of /r/. Although traditionally regarded as an idiosyncrasy, speech defect, or infantilism, use of labiodental /r/ is increasing in many accents of British English (see papers in Foulkes and Docherty 1999). As a realisation of /r/, it may not always be labiodental: bilabial and velarised labiodental realisations have been reported (see Foulkes and Docherty 1999, Wells 1982). English speakers may also use it to pronounce place names in languages that do use it, such as Hawai‘ian Wahiawa.
In other languages
Dutch
In Dutch, the letter "w" usually represents the labiodental approximant.
German
In many dialects of German, the letter "w" can represent the labiodental approximant. In the standard language, however, it represents [v].
Hawai‘ian
Hawai‘ian has the labiodental approximant as a phoneme, and it is denoted by "w", as in wikiwiki ("very fast").
Finnish
The Finnish phoneme /v/ is pronounced as a labiodental approximant by many speakers, perhaps by most. Example: vaivautuva ['ʋɑiʋɑutuʋɑ] ("taking the trouble to do something" or "kneadable").
References
Foulkes, Paul, and Gerard J. Docherty. (eds.) (1999). Urban Voices. Arnold.
Wells, John C. (1982). Accents of English. Cambridge University Press.
See also