List of state leaders in 1866
List of state leaders in 1865 - Events of 1866 - List of state leaders in 1867 - State leaders by year
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Africa
- Ashanti Confederacy - Kwaku Dua I Panyin, Asantehene (1834-1867)
- Buganda - Mutesa I, King of Buganda (1856-1884)
- Bunyoro - Kyebambe IV, Omukama of Bunyoro (1852-1869)
- Burundi - Mwezi IV Gisabo, King of Burundi (1852-1908)
- Dahomey - Glele, King of Dahomey (1856-1889)
- Ethiopia - Tewodros II, Emperor of Ethiopia (1855-1868)
- Rwanda - Kigeri IV, King of Rwanda (1853-1895)
- Sokoto Caliphate
- Caliph -
- Ahmad bin Atiku, Sokoto Caliph (1859-1866)
- Ali bin Bello II, Sokoto Caliph (1866-1867)
- Grand Vizier - Ibrahim Khalilu, Sokoto Grand Vizier (1859-c.1874)
- Caliph -
- Zanzibar - Sayyid Majid bin Said Al-Busaid, Sultan of Zanzibar (1856-1870)
- Zulu - Mpande kaSenzangakhona, King of the Zulu (1840-1872)
Asia
- Afghanistan
- Emir -
- Shir Ali Khan, Emir of Afghanistan (1863-1866)
- Mohammed Afzal Khan, Emir of Afghanistan (1866-1868)
- Emir -
- China (Qing Dynasty) - Tóngzhì, Emperor of China (1861-1875)
- Japan
- Monarch - Kōmei, Emperor of Japan (1846-1867)
- Shogun (Tokugawa) - Tokugawa Iemochi, Shogun of Japan (1858-1866)
- Korea (Joseon Dynasty) - Gojong, King of Joseon (1864-1907, Emperor after 1897)
- Oman -
- Thuwaini bin Said, Sultan of Oman (1856-1866)
- Salim bin Thuwaini, Sultan of Oman (1866-1868)
Europe
- Austria - Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria (1848-1916)
- Bavaria - Ludwig II, King of Bavaria (1864-1886)
- Belgium - Leopold II, King of the Belgians (1865-1909)
- Denmark
- Monarch - Christian IX, King of Denmark (1863-1906)
- Prime Minister - Christian Emil, Prime Minister of Denmark (1865-1870)
- France - Napoleon III, Emperor of the French (1852-1870)
- Holy See - Pope Pius IX (1846-1878)
- Italy -
- Monarch - Vittorio Emanuele II, King of Italy (1861-1878)
- Prime Minister -
- Netherlands - William III, King of the Netherlands (1849-1890)
- Norway - Carl IV, King of Norway (1859-1872)
- Ottoman Empire - Abd-ul-Aziz, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1861-1876)
- Portugal - Luis, King of Portugal (1861-1889)
- Prussia -
- Monarch - Wilhelm I, King of Prussia (1861-1888)
- Prime Minister - Otto von Bismarck, Minister-President of Prussia (1862-1873)
- Romania
- Prince -
- Russia - Alexander II, Tsar of Russia (1855-1881)
- Saxony - Johann, King of Saxony (1854-1873)
- Spain - Isabella II, Queen of Spain (1833-1868)
- Sweden - Kingdom of Sweden-Norway
- Monarch - Charles XV, King of Sweden (1859-1872)
- Chief Minister - Louis Gerhard De Geer , Prime Minister for Justice of Sweden (1858-1870)
- Foreign Minister - Ludvig Manderström, Prime Minister for Foreign Affairs of Sweden-Norway (1858-1868)
- United Kingdom
- Württemberg - Karl, King of Württemberg (1864-1891)
Middle East and North Africa
- Abu Dhabi - Zaid ibn Khalifa, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi (1855-1909)
- Egypt - Ismail, Governor of Egypt (1863-1867)
- Morocco - Mohammed IV, Sultan of Morocco (1859-1873)
- Ottoman Empire
- Monarch - Abd-ul-Aziz, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1861-1876)
- Grand Vizier -
- Keçecizade Mehmed Fuad Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1863-1866)
- Mütercim Mehmed Rüstü Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1866-1867)
North America and Caribbean
- Province of Canada
- Governor - The Viscount Monck of Ballytrammon, Governor of the Province of Canada (1861-1867)
- Joint Premiers - Sir John A. Macdonald and Sir Narcisse-Fortunat Belleau, Joint Premiers of the Province of Canada (1865-1867)
- Costa Rica -
- Mexico - Maximilian of Habsburg, Emperor of Mexico (1864-1867)
- United States - Andrew Johnson, President of the United States (1865-1869)
South America
List of state leaders in 1865 - Events of 1866 - List of state leaders in 1867 - State leaders by year