Lists of office-holders

These are lists of incumbents, i.e. lists of people in various offices and positions, including heads of states or of subnational entities (in no particular order). A historical discipline, archontology, focuses on the study of past and current incumbents.

Lists of people
By name
By belief
By nationality
By occupation
By office held
By prize won

Current incumbents may also be found in the countries' articles (main article and "Politics of") and the list of national leaders, recent changes on 2005 in politics, and past leaders on State leaders by year and Colonial governors by year.

Various articles group lists by title, function or topic: e.g. abdication, assassinated persons, cabinet, chancellor, ex-monarchs (20th century), head of government, head of state, lieutenant governor, mayor, military commanders, minister (and ministers by portfolio below), order of precedence, peerage, president, prime minister, Reichstag participants (1792), Secretary of State.

Contents
1 Religious leaders

1.1 Christian

1.1.1 Roman Catholic

1.1.1.1 Austria
1.1.1.2 England
1.1.1.3 Scotland
1.1.1.4 Wales
1.1.1.5 Ireland
1.1.1.6 Germany
1.1.1.7 Belgium
1.1.1.8 Portugal
1.1.1.9 Eastern Rite Catholic
1.1.1.10 Sweden
1.1.1.11 Switzerland

1.1.2 Anglican Communion

1.1.2.1 England and ecclesiastical dependencies
1.1.2.2 Wales
1.1.2.3 Scotland
1.1.2.4 Ireland

1.1.3 Eastern Orthodox
1.1.4 Oriental Orthodox
1.1.5 Assyrian Church of the East
1.1.6 Other

1.2 Judaism
1.3 Islam
1.4 Buddhist

2 Heads of International Organizations
3 Heads of state or government (defunct entities)

3.1 Ancient world
3.2 Middle Ages

3.2.1 Africa
3.2.2 Americas
3.2.3 Asia (excl. Latin, Hellenic and Arabic)
3.2.4 Near Eastern (Arabic, Turk, Kurd)
3.2.5 Europe
3.2.6 Hellenic and Latin/Crusader states
3.2.7 Oceania

4 Heads of state or government (modern entities)

4.1 Africa
4.2 America, Central and the Caribbean
4.3 America, North
4.4 America, South
4.5 Asia
4.6 Australasia
4.7 Europe
4.8 Middle East

5 Heads of modern subnational entities

5.1 Australia
5.2 Belgium
5.3 Canada
5.4 Finland
5.5 France
5.6 Germany
5.7 India
5.8 Sweden
5.9 United States

6 Ministers by portfolio
7 Municipal leaders

7.1 Argentina
7.2 Australia
7.3 Austria
7.4 Canada
7.5 Germany
7.6 Ireland
7.7 United Kingdom
7.8 USA

8 External links

Religious leaders

see also Religious leaders by year

Christian

Roman Catholic

Austria
England
Scotland
Wales
Ireland
Germany
Belgium
Portugal
Eastern Rite Catholic
Sweden
Switzerland

Anglican Communion

England and ecclesiastical dependencies
Wales
Scotland
Ireland

Eastern Orthodox

Oriental Orthodox

Assyrian Church of the East

Other

Judaism

Islam

Buddhist

Heads of International Organizations

see also International organization leaders by year

See also: List of international organization leaders in 2003, 2004

Heads of state or government (defunct entities)

Ancient world

Middle Ages

Africa

Americas

Asia (excl. Latin, Hellenic and Arabic)

Near Eastern (Arabic, Turk, Kurd)

Europe

Hellenic and Latin/Crusader states

Oceania

Heads of state or government (modern entities)

See also: List of national leaders (in office), state leaders by year.

Africa