Paul Watzlawick
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Paul Watzlawick PhD (* July 25, 1921 in Villach, Austria) is one of the world's leading theoreticians in Communication Theory and Radical Constructivism. He is living and working in California.
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Life
After he graduated from high school in 1939 in Villach, Paul Watzlawick studied psychology and philology at the University of Venice and graduated in 1949. He then worked at the C. G. Jung Institute in Zurich, where he received an additional diploma in 1954. In 1957 he continued his researching career at the University of El Salvador.
In 1960, Don. D. Jackson arranged for him to come to Palo Alto to do research at the Mental Research Institute of Palo Alto. Beginning in 1967 he has taught psychiatry at Stanford University. As of 2005 Watzlawick is still living and working in California.
Work
In Palo Alto, Watzlawick and his colleagues (most notably Gregory Bateson) developed the Double-Bind-Theory. Other scientific contributions include works on radical constructivism and most importantly his theory on communication.
He defines 5 basic axioms in his theory on communication that are necessary to have a functioning communication between two individuals. If one of these axioms is somehow disturbed, communication might fail.
- It's not possible not to communicate: Every behaviour is a kind of communication. Because behaviour does not have a counterpart (there is no anti-behaviour), it is not possible not to communicate.
- Every communication does have both a setting of content and one of relations: This means that all communication includes, apart from the plain meaning of words, more information - information on how the talker wants to be understood and how he himself sees his relation to the receiver of information.
- The nature of a relationship is dependent on the punctuation of the partners communication procedures: Both the talker and the receiver of information structure the communication flow differently and therefore interpret their own behaviour during communicating as merely a reaction on the other's behaviour (i.e. every partner thinks the other one is the cause of a specific behaviour). Human communication cannot be desolved into plain causation and reaction strings, communication rather appears to be cyclic.
- Human communication involves both digital and analog modalities: Communication does not involve the merely spoken words (digital communication), but non-verbal and analog-verbal communication as well.
- Inter-human communication procedures are either symmetric or complementary, depending on whether the relationship of the partners is based on differences or parity.
Books he has written or on which he has collaborated include Pragmatics of Human Communication, The Situation is Hopeless, but not Serious, Ultra-Solutions: How to Fail Most Successfully, and How Real is Real?.