Roman Gaul
| History of France |
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Roman Gaul after Julius Caesar's conquest of 58–51 BC consisted of five provinces:
Gallia Narbonensis (formerly Gallia Transalpina), which had been Roman since 121 BC, Gallia Cisalpina, formerly simply Gallia, or Provincia Ariminum (modern Rimini), Roman from 81 BC, Gallia Aquitania, Gallia Lugdunensis and Gallia Belgica. Raetia was also inhabited by Gauls (the Helvetii), but was not considered part of Gallia, since it was separated from Gallia Cisalpina by the Alps, and from Gallia Transalpina by Germania Superior. The Gaulish language and cultural identity in the five centuries between Caesar's conquest and the collapse of the Western Roman Empire underwent syncretism and evolved into a hybrid Gallo-Roman culture. The latest pockets of Gaulish speakers appear to have lingered until as late as the 6th century, after which time the late Gallo-Roman Vulgar Latin under various linguistic influences began to transform into the dialects of the French language.
Divisions of Roman Gaul
- Gallia Cisalpina (Southern Alps)
- Gallia Transpadana (Southern Po)
- Gallia Cispadana (Northern Po)
- Gallia Transalpina (Northern Alps)
- Gallia Narbonensis, formerly itself called Gallia Transalpina
- Gallia Omnis (Between Rhine & Pyrenees)