U.S. presidential election, 1852

The U.S. presidential election of 1852 was in many ways a replay of the election of 1844. Once again, the incumbent President was a Whig who had succeeded to the presidency upon the death of his war hero predecessor; in this case, it was Millard Fillmore who followed General Zachary Taylor. Once again, the Whig party would pass over the incumbent for nomination. Once again, the Democrats would nominate a dark horse candidate, this time Franklin Pierce. Once again, the Whigs would campaign on the obscurity of the Democratic candidate. And once again, this strategy backfired.

Pierce and running mate William King would go on to win what was at the time one of the nation's largest electoral victories, trouncing Scott and his vice presidential nominee, William Graham of North Carolina, 254 electoral votes to 42.

Contents

1 Nominations 1.1 Whig Party nomination 1.2 Democratic Party nomination 2 General election 2.1 Campaign 2.2 Results 3 See also 4 References 4.1 Book 4.2 External link

Nominations

Whig Party nomination

The Whigs, seeking the second coming of Zachary Taylor, pushed aside President Fillmore in a 159-133 delegate vote in favor of another Mexican War general with a heroic record, General Winfield Scott of Virginia. Scott had earned the nickname of "Old Fuss and Feathers" due to his insistence on military appearance and discipline, and while respected was also seen by the people as somewhat foppish. William Alexander Graham was chosen as the Vice Presidential nominee with no substantive opposition.

Democratic Party nomination

The Democrats, anticipating a loss in the general election but not wanting to re-nominate 1848 nominee Lewis Cass, instead nominated the then virtually unknown Franklin Pierce of New Hampshire. Pierce was a former Congressman and Senator known as much for his alcoholic tendencies as much as his statesmanship.

General election

Campaign

The Whigs' platform was almost indistinguishible from that of the Democrats, reducing the campaign to a contest between the personalities of the two candidates. This helped drive down the turnout rates in the election to their lowest level since 1836. The turnout drop was also helped along by Scott's anti-slavery reputation, which decimated the Southern Whig vote, while the pro-slavery Whig platform hurt the Northern Whig vote. Finally, Scott's war hero reputation was somewhat blunted by the fact that Pierce was himself a Mexican War brigadier general. These factors added up to a thorough drubbing for Scott, who lost every state except Kentucky, Tennessee, Massachusetts, and Vermont.

Results

Presidential Candidate	Party	Home State	Popular Vote(a), (b)		Electoral Vote	Running Mate	Running Mate's Home State	Running Mate's Electoral Vote
			Count	Percentage
Franklin Pierce	Democratic	New Hampshire	1,601,274	50.9	254	William Rufus deVane King	Alabama	254
Winfield Scott	Whig	New Jersey	1,386,580	44.1	42	William Alexander Graham	North Carolina	42
John Parker Hale	Free Soil	New Hampshire	155,825	5.0	0	George Washington Julian	Indiana	0
Total			3,143,679	100%	296	Total		296
Needed to win					149	Needed to win		149

^(a) The popular vote figures exclude South Carolina where the Electors were chosen by the state legislature rather than by popular vote.
^(b) The popular vote total omits votes for candidates besides those listed, which skews the popular percentages up slightly.

See also

• History of the United States (1849-1865)

References

Book

• Holt, Michael F. The Rise and Fall of the American Whig Party: Jacksonian Politics and the Onset of the Civil War. Oxford University Press, New York, New York: 1999.

External link

• 1852 state-by-state popular vote

See also: U.S. presidential election, 1852, 1848, 1852, Alabama