Union of Atrecht
Map-1579_Union_of_Utrecht.png
The Union of Atrecht (French: Arras) was an accord signed on January 6, 1579 in Atrecht (Arras), under which the southern states of the Spanish Netherlands, today in Wallonia and the Nord-Pas-de-Calais (and Picardy) régions in France, expressed their loyalty to the Spanish king Philip II and recognised the landlord, Don Juan. It contrasted the Union of Utrecht.
These were the conditions:
- There should be no more space for foreign troops;
- The Council of State should be organised like that during Charles V;
- Two thirds of the council members should be installed by all member states consenting.
- All priviliges that were in force before the Dutch Revolt should be reinstated.
- Catholicism was the only religion. Any other religion (i.e. Calvinism) should be abolished.
The parts that signed it, were:
- County of Hainaut
- Artois
- Lille, Douai and Orchies (Walloon Flanders)
It should be noted that Artois is now integrally part of France, that Lille is mostly part of France, that the County of Hainaut is now part of the Belgian provinces of Hainaut and Namur and the French Oise and Nord départements.
These parts finally ended up in support of the Spanish king Philip II.
The regions that were lenient to the Union but did not sign it were Namur, Luxembourg and the Duchy of Limburg. Limburg should not to be confused with the provinces in present-day Belgium and the Netherlands: Belgian Limburg was part of the Bishopric of Liège and while historical Limburg partly coincides with present day Dutch Limburg, it was smaller then. Alexander Farnese, the duke of Parma, started his conquest of the separatist parts (members of the Union of Utrecht) in these parts.
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